El impuesto a las remesas angustia a milliones de indocumentados
La propuesta de un impuesto del 5 % a las remesas enviadas desde Estados Unidos, que debate ahora la Cámara de Representantes, angustia a migrantes cuyas familias dependen de este dinero, con más de 40 millones personas que resultarían afectadas en el país.
El gravamen, atado al polémico presupuesto federal que discute este miércoles la Cámara de Representantes con un futuro incierto, inquieta a inmigrantes como la hondureña María Lorenza Carrasco, quien lleva 33 años en Florida, desde donde envía unos 1.300 dólares mensuales a sus dos hijas y a su hermano enfermo de cáncer.
«Es una ayuda que les doy yo a mis hijas y ellas sobreviven de eso, mi hermano, que tiene cáncer. Le van a hacer una operación ahorita a mi hermano, le han hecho tres operaciones en Honduras y le volvió el cáncer de nuevo», expuso la centroamericana a EFE.
La tasa afectaría a más de 40 millones de personas, tanto indocumentadas como residentes con ‘green card’, y otros visados de no inmigrantes, según denunció el Caucus Hispano del Congreso (CHC).
«Claro, (estoy) muy preocupada. Eso no puede ser, no puede ser eso. Imagínese, yo no gano mucho en este país, yo me sacrifico para mandarles el dinero», relató la hondureña amparada con el Estatus de Protección Temporal (TPS).
Un 5 % con un alto costo
La iniciativa, parte del polémico plan presupuestario y fiscal que impulsa el presidente estadounidense, Donald Trump, y que la Cámara Baja debate esta semana, aplicaría un gravamen del 5 % a las remesas transferidas desde EE.UU. al exterior.
Esto impactaría a países como México, el segundo mayor receptor de remesas del mundo, y Nicaragua, Honduras y el Salvador, donde estos ingresos representan cerca de una cuarta parte de su producto interior bruto (PIB), según el Banco Mundial.
Aunque la tasa es del 5 %, esto se sumaría a otros gravámenes que ya se aplican, por lo que el costo de enviar 350 dólares de Estados Unidos a México pasaría de 6 a 23,5 dólares, según estimó una investigación del BBVA México.
Por estos datos, migrantes piden a sus gobiernos actuar contra el impuesto, como la presidenta mexicana, Claudia Sheinbaum, quien denunció que el gravamen incumple un tratado vigente desde 1994 para evitar la doble tributación entre EE.UU. y México, que recibió un récord de casi 65.000 millones de dólares en remesas en 2024.
Juan Flores, presidente de la Fundación 15 de Septiembre en Miami, pidió a la presidenta de Honduras, Xiomara Castro, que reaccione, al citar datos del Banco Central que muestran que estas remesas son el 27 % del PIB hondureño.
«Este año vamos a superar los 10.000 millones (de dólares enviados) a pesar de todo esta incertidumbre y esta crisis que está habiendo de inmigración dentro de EE.UU. Pero, aún así, no tenemos esa reciprocidad, ese apoyo que nosotros nos merecemos y que pedimos a gritos», manifestó en una entrevista con EFE.
Un golpe contra los migrantes
Por ser el país con más inmigrantes, Estados Unidos es también la principal fuente de remesas del mundo, al concentrar una cuarta parte del envío total, con un estimado de más de 200.000 millones de dólares, según datos del Banco Mundial actualizados a finales de 2022.
En este contexto, migrantes como la hondureña Dalila Galvez interpretan el impuesto como un golpe para su trabajo y otros países, pues los 300 dólares que ella envía cada mes a su familia representan «mucho, demasiado porque compran comida, pagan luz y pagan cuando se enferman».
«Nosotros (los migrantes) somos lo que trabajamos en el sol (…) no somos haraganes, no somos ladrones, solo venimos a tratar de ganar un poco más para subir, poder (ayudar) allá a nuestro país», contó en una entrevista. Pero las voces de estos inmigrantes están lejos de escucharse, pues Trump ha puesto todo su empeño para hacer que la propuesta de ley que incluye el impuesto a las remesas se apruebe antes de julio.
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