Le llegó un RFE o un NOID de USCIS: ¿qué significa y qué debe hacer ahora?
POR HÉCTOR BENÍTEZ CAÑAS
Recibir un sobre de USCIS y leer palabras como “Request for Evidence” o “Notice of Intent to Deny” puede paralizar a cualquiera. Mucha gente asume de inmediato que perdió el caso y que ya no hay nada que hacer. Esa reacción es comprensible, pero casi siempre es equivocada.
Un RFE (Solicitud de Evidencia) o un-NOID (Aviso de Intención de Negar) no son una negación. Son oportunidades. La agencia le está diciendo que su expediente sigue vivo y que usted todavía puede influir en el resultado.
Un RFE significa que el oficial necesita más pruebas para decidir. Faltó un documento, la información no fue suficiente, o algo no quedó claro. Usted responde, completa lo que falta y el caso continúa. Por regla general, USCIS da hasta 12 semanas (84 días) para contestar, y ese plazo no se puede extender.
Un NOID es más serio. Aquí el oficial ya piensa que va a negar el caso con lo que tiene enfrente, pero le da una última oportunidad de rebatirlo antes de decidir. El plazo suele ser de 30 días. No es momento de mandar papeles al azar, sino de responder a cada punto que el oficial señaló, con evidencia y con un argumento legal claro.
El error más común que veo es tratar estas cartas como si fueran todas iguales. No lo son. Cada RFE y cada NOID enumeran preocupaciones específicas, y su respuesta tiene que atacar exactamente esas preocupaciones. Enviar un montón de documentos sin explicar cómo cada uno prueba su elegibilidad, rara vez funciona.
El segundo error es el reloj. La fecha que aparece en la carta, manda. Una respuesta tardía, incompleta o que no conteste directamente lo que preguntó el oficial, puede costarle el caso. Si no responde, USCIS puede negar la solicitud por abandono.
Conviene recordar algo que a veces se olvida y es que no todos los casos son iguales. Lo que se le pide y lo que está en juego depende de su historial, de cómo entró al país, de solicitudes anteriores y de otros hechos personales. Por eso, una respuesta que le sirvió a un amigo o familiar puede no servirle a usted.
Si le llegó un RFE o un NOID, tenga presente que su caso no está perdido, pero sí entró en una etapa donde cada decisión cuenta. Lea la carta con calma, anote la fecha límite y busque orientación legal antes de responder. Una buena respuesta, presentada a tiempo, muchas veces marca la diferencia entre una aprobación y una negación.
(Khyrsi Prosperi Quintana, abogada asociada en Benme Legal, colaboró en este artículo).
* Héctor Benítez Cañas es abogado de inmigración en Miami. Su firma Benme Legal se dedica a la práctica exclusiva de la Ley de Inmigración. https://www.benmelegal.org/
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