Preguntas y Respuestas de Inmigración
¿Cómo evitar la deportación de EEUU a través de una “discreción procesal”?
POR FERNANDO ATENCIO
Muchas personas en procedimientos de corte de inmigración están sometidas a una eventual orden de deportación. Esto, evidentemente, podría implicar que sean removidas de Estados Unidos.
Por ejemplo, personas que, con posterioridad al inicio del procedimiento de deportación, contraen matrimonio, son familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos americanos o de residentes legales permanentes. Estos casos podrían buscar alivio migratorio en un procedimiento ante otra agencia federal, para que sea desestimado el caso de deportación.
Otro ejemplo son los ciudadanos venezolanos elegibles para el estatus de protección temporal (TPS), que pueden conseguir alivio con una visa de empleo a través de una petición de certificación laboral. Para todos ellos, la discreción procesal sería beneficiosa, porque no estarían sometidos al riesgo de deportación.
Por supuesto, es necesaria una consulta legal para valorar si hay elegibilidad y los puntos jurídicos.
Los ciudadanos de Cuba que ingresaron a EEUU por la frontera, pero les fue conferido un parole y están en procedimiento de corte, podrían solicitar una discreción para desestimar sus casos y buscar alivio migratorio a través de la figura de la Ley de Ajuste Cubano.
La discreción procesal quizás sea, en la gran mayoría de los casos, la estrategia adecuada. Ya sabemos que las tasas de aprobación en corte de solicitudes de asilo, como defensa frente a la deportación, son muy bajas.
La estadística nacional indica que solo un 14%, como promedio, obtiene alivio migratorio en corte. Es decir, una probabilidad superior al 85% de que el juez de inmigración ordene la deportación.
Para ser elegibles, por supuesto hay que ser personas de buen carácter moral, sin récord criminal. Por esa circunstancia, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional se muestra favorable a otorgar la discreción.
Y, evidentemente, habría que aprovechar las circunstancias del momento. Estamos próximos a una elección presidencial, donde podría generarse un cambio de política migratoria. Existe el riesgo de que la futura administración no considere las mismas prioridades. Por eso, la estrategia adecuada es aprovechar la discreción procesal bajo este gobierno, con una fiscalía proclive a otorgarla.
* Fernando Atencio es director de la sucursal de Benme Legal en Orlando, Florida. https://www.benmelegal.org/
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