Los que no completaron una formación formal de conducción, se ven involucrados en más accidentes
Por Enrique Kogan
Los adultos jóvenes de entre 18 y 20 años que nunca completaron una formación formal de conducción se ven involucrados en accidentes a una tasa un 67 % superior a la de aquellos que sí lo hicieron. Para el grupo de edad de 21 a 24 años, la cifra es del 60 %.
Estos datos provienen del informe de 2023 de la Comisión de Seguridad Vial de Washington y describen una brecha que es medible, constante y prevenible. La educación vial sigue siendo opcional en la mayoría de los estados de los Estados Unidos. Nuevas investigaciones revelan cuán amplias se han vuelto las consecuencias de esa elección.
La brecha entre los conductores formados y los que no lo están no tiene que ver con el tiempo de reacción ni con la actitud; se trata de habilidades que se enseñan: cómo detectar un peligro antes de que se convierta en una emergencia, cómo manejar un vehículo en condiciones de baja visibilidad y qué hacer ante una situación de alta velocidad la primera vez que esta ocurre.
Los conductores que nunca reciben esa formación se enfrentan a esos momentos por primera vez en carreteras reales.
Obtención de licencias sin formación
Una investigación realizada por Demayo Law Offices, que examinó los estándares de conducción en los diez estados de EE. UU. con mayor número de conductores con licencia, reveló que los requisitos de educación vial formal varían drásticamente y que, en muchos estados, son totalmente inexistentes para los adultos.
Hallazgos clave:
Los adultos jóvenes de entre 18 y 20 años sin formación formal de conducción sufren accidentes a una tasa un 67 % superior a la de sus pares formados; para el grupo de 21 a 24 años, la cifra es del 60 %.
Ninguno de los diez estados con mayor número de licencias cumple con todos los criterios de referencia establecidos por el Instituto de Seguros para la Seguridad en las Carreteras (IIHS) en lo que respecta a la preparación de nuevos conductores, incluidos el número mínimo de horas de supervisión y la edad mínima para obtener el permiso.
Texas es el único estado, de entre los diez principales, que extiende algún requisito de educación vial a los adultos de entre 18 y 24 años.
La tasa de accidentes mortales entre los jóvenes de 16 y 17 años ya ronda el triple de la tasa registrada entre los conductores de 20 años o más. Para los adultos jóvenes que dejan atrás la etapa adolescente sin formación formal ni supervisión obligatoria, el riesgo no desaparece; simplemente deja de ser objeto de seguimiento estadístico.
Los estados que marcan la pauta
En los diez estados que, en conjunto, albergan a más de la mitad de todos los conductores con licencia de los Estados Unidos, las puntuaciones de dificultad de los exámenes teóricos de conocimientos oscilan entre un escaso 2/100 y un 78/100. Georgia y Carolina del Norte —ambos estados con algunas de las poblaciones de conductores de más rápido crecimiento del país— exigen tan solo seis horas de conducción nocturna supervisada antes de que un adolescente pueda conducir solo.
Michigan expide permisos de aprendizaje a conductores de tan solo 14 años y 9 meses de edad.
El sistema de expedición de licencias en la mayoría de los estados de EE. UU. fue diseñado para emitir permisos, no para formar conductores seguros. Los datos sobre accidentes hacen que resulte difícil ignorar esta distinción.
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