EE. UU. amplía el programa de bonos de visado para algunos turistas y visitantes
WASHINGTON — El gobierno de Estados Unidos ha ampliado un programa de bonos de visado que podría exigir a ciertos extranjeros que soliciten visados de turista y negocios que presenten una fianza financiera reembolsable antes de poder viajar a Estados Unidos.
La política se aplica a solicitantes seleccionados que solicitan visados B-1 y B-2, que suelen emitirse para viajes de negocios, turismo y visitas familiares. En el marco del programa, los funcionarios consulares estadounidenses pueden requerir una fianza basada en criterios establecidos por el Departamento de Estado.
La medida está diseñada para fomentar el cumplimiento de las leyes de inmigración de EE. UU., especialmente el requisito de que los visitantes abandonen el país antes de que expire su periodo autorizado de estancia.
Las autoridades afirman que el programa pretende reducir el número de visitantes que superan el tiempo de su visa, un problema que durante mucho tiempo forma parte de los esfuerzos de aplicación de la ley migratoria del país.
Versiones anteriores del programa permitían bonos reembolsables de 5.000 dólares, 10.000 o 15.000 dólares. El Departamento de Estado ha anunciado desde entonces que el programa será permanente y que la cantidad máxima de la fianza podría aumentar a 20.000 dólares para los solicitantes cubiertos.
La fianza es independiente de la tasa estándar de solicitud de visado y no es obligatoria para todos los viajeros. En su lugar, solo puede imponerse a ciertos solicitantes de países designados. Si el viajero cumple con todas las condiciones del visado, incluyendo salir de Estados Unidos a tiempo, el depósito puede ser devuelto según los procedimientos del programa.
Los partidarios de la política argumentan que los bonos de visado reembolsables proporcionan un incentivo adicional para que los visitantes cumplan con los términos de sus visados, preservando al mismo tiempo las oportunidades de viaje legítimo. También sostienen que la medida podría ayudar a reducir los excesos de estancia del visado sin modificar los requisitos legales para obtener un visado de visitante.
Sin embargo, los críticos han expresado su preocupación de que exigir miles de dólares como fianza reembolsable podría suponer una carga financiera significativa para algunos viajeros y familias. Argumentan que la política puede desalentar el turismo legítimo y los viajes de negocios, especialmente entre los solicitantes que pueden no tener acceso inmediato a grandes sumas de dinero a pesar de tener la intención de cumplir con las leyes de inmigración estadounidenses.
El Departamento de Estado ha enfatizado que el requisito de bonos no es universal. Cada solicitud de visado se revisa individualmente, y la decisión de exigir una fianza recae en un funcionario consular en función de las normativas aplicables y las circunstancias del solicitante.
Se anima a los posibles viajeros a consultar con la embajada o consulado de EE. UU. donde planean solicitar la información más actualizada, ya que la elegibilidad y los requisitos pueden variar según la nacionalidad y el caso individual del solicitante.
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